UNIT 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY (APPROXIMATELY 25 HOURS)
This unit will provide learners with an introduction to Philosophical methods of enquiry and Philosophical ways of examining problems. A brief history of some of the important figures in Philosophy will provide learners with a context for their study of the other units.
- A brief survey of Western Philosophy mentioning but not limited to Socrates/Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Kant, Hume, Nietzsche, and Sartre.
Key quotes to discuss:
- Plato (Socrates) – The cave; “The unexamined life is not worth living”
- Aristotle – “Courage is a mean with regard to fear and confidence”
- Descartes – “I think therefore I am”
- Hume – “That the sun will not rise tomorrow is no less intelligible a proposition, and implies no more contradiction, than the affirmation, that it will rise”
- Kant – “Always recognise that human individuals are ends, and do not use them as means to your end”
- Nietzsche – “That which does not kill us makes us stronger”
- Sartre – “Man is condemned to be free”
LINKING QUESTION: ‘WHAT AM I?’
UNIT 2: MIND/BODY (APPROXIMATELY 25 HOURS)
Mind/Body will focus on the ongoing debate within metaphysics concerning personal identity, the nature of personhood and the validity of various answers to these questions. The religious interpretations of what a mind is and what a person is will not be a significant focus of this unit. Historically religion has been a significant force in shaping answers to metaphysical questions. However, in more recent times, mainstream philosophical opinion has turned more towards materialistic or property dualistic explanations in the development of answers to metaphysical questions. Therefore study in this topic will focus on these more recent schools of thought, but will not neglect classical philosophers.
- What is a soul and do we have one? Is our mind our brain?
- Positions on the problem – Dualism - Substance and Property Dualism; Monism - Behaviourism and Functionalism
- Some thought experiments on qualia; the current contentious issue (Jackson – Mary and the black and white room, Chalmers - Philosophical zombies, Searle – The Chinese room)
- Evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of Dualism and Monism.
LINKING QUESTION: ‘IF WE ARE PURELY MATERIAL BEINGS DOES THIS LEAVE ANY ROOM FOR FREE WILL?’
UNIT 3: FREE WILL (APPROXIMATELY 25 HOURS)
This Unit will consider the question of free will; what people mean when they speak of free will and whether human beings ever have the ability to choose freely. Learners will become familiar with and will critically analyse different answers to the question of free will and the arguments which have been presented to support those answers. The study of punishment will provide a context for learners to understand why the question of free will is important.
- Definitions of Free Will, Indeterminism and Determinism – Hard and Soft Determinism
- Is Free Will compatible with Determinism?
- Does anyone ever deserve to be punished? Should determinism be used as a legal defence?
LINKING QUESTION: ‘ACCORDING TO DETERMINISM, WE COULD KNOW “EVERYTHING” BUT WHAT DO WE REALLY KNOW?’
UNIT 4: EPISTEMOLOGY (APPROXIMATELY 25 HOURS)
This unit will introduce learners to the questions concerned with knowledge, what we can know and how we can know it. Two significant approaches to answering these questions are Empiricism and Rationalism, learners will learn about these schools of thought and will critically evaluate arguments put forward to support the validity of each approach.
- How does knowing differ from believing? What is the difference between what we know for certain and what we believe to be true?
- Can we know anything? (Scepticism)
- Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
- Explanation and evaluation of Empiricism (Hume) and Rationalism (Descartes).
LINKING QUESTION: ‘CAN WE KNOW WHERE WE COME FROM?’
UNIT 5: LIFE, THE UNIVERSE AND EVERYTHING (APPROXIMATELY 25 HOURS)
Following on from the unit on Epistemology, this unit explores different answers to the universal questions around the origin of the universe and life on earth. The two main explanations studied are scientific explanations and faith based explanations.
- How the scientific method differs from faith based belief systems
- Explanation and evaluations of theories for the origin of the universe: Big bang theory and/or the cosmological argument?
- Explanation and evaluation of theories of the origin of human life and our place in the universe: design and/or evolution?
LINKING QUESTION: ‘WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR HOW WE SHOULD LIVE?’
UNIT 6: PHILOSOPHERS AND THE GOOD LIFE (APPROXIMATELY 25 HOURS)
Humankind has long sought answers to the questions around the issue of how we live a happy life. Modern Philosophers have drawn certain conclusions around what is needed for us to be happy. This unit examines the views of some of those Philosophers. Each dot point is linked to a particular Philosopher and it is the views of that Philosopher which will be studied in that part of this Unit of the course.
- What roles do our bodies and our reasoning play, in helping us achieve the good life? (Montaigne)
- Is romantic love a necessary part of the good life? (Schopenhauer)
- What is the role of life's difficulties in the formation of character? (Nietzsche)
- What is the role of the natural world in achieving the good life? (Thoreau).